Since 2017, agriculture has contributed 25% of Nigeria’s GDP, and agribusiness adds a further percentage. Agriculture also accounts for 36% of total employment in Nigeria, placing it at the centre of the Nigerian non-oil economy. Despite this significant potential, agriculture suffers from low levels of production that are traceable to outdated farming practices and resource constraints.

This article explores the effectiveness of various modern agronomic practices in enhancing agricultural productivity for smallholder and large-scale farmers.

1. Timely planting and proper spacing

Timing is crucial for successful crop growth. Planting at the right time allows crops to benefit from optimal weather conditions, minimising the risks associated with drought or flooding. Proper spacing also boosts yields by reducing competition for essential resources such as sunlight, water, and nutrients. A study conducted in Sabongari, Kaduna State, revealed that maize farmers who followed these recommended practices experienced significantly higher harvests compared to those who did not.

2. Use of viable seeds and seed treatment 

Nigerian farmers are increasingly adopting high-yield, disease-resistant seeds to enhance food production and reduce losses caused by pests. These improved seeds boost crop outputs and contribute to more reliable farming practices. Initiatives such as the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) help smallholder farmers access certified seeds, leading to higher yields of  staple crops like maize, rice, and soybeans. Another good example of proper agronomic practice is that seed treatment is gaining traction as it protects seeds from pests and diseases while improving yield and germination rates.  The National Root Crop Research Institute’s efforts highlight the positive impact of these practices on agricultural productivity.

3. Efficient fertiliser application

Farmers in Nigeria use far less fertiliser than the global average, applying only 18kg per hectare instead of the 100 kilograms commonly used worldwide. Modern agricultural practices focus on selecting the appropriate type of fertiliser, applying the correct quantity, and timing for better crop growth. By strategically placing fertiliser near plant roots, farmers can enhance nutrient absorption, resulting in increased harvest yields while reducing waste.

4. Integrated pest and weed management

Integrating pest management (IPM) techniques aims to help farmers control pests effectively without over-relying on chemical pesticides. This approach combines a variety of strategies, including biological controls (such as the use of natural predators), cultural practices like crop rotation, and minimal pesticide application to protect crops sustainably. Additionally, timely weeding is crucial as it ensures that essential resources are not shared between crops and weeds, further enhancing crop health and yield. 

Increased financial support for Nigeria’s agricultural sector could enable the country to meet global farming standards found in other nations. This enhancement in funding could lead to greater productivity, allowing Nigeria to produce sufficient food for domestic consumption and potential exports.

5. Presence of more off-takers

Offtakers enhance agronomy practices by providing a guaranteed market, technical support, and incentives for sustainable farming. They offer better prices for sustainably grown crops and may supply necessary inputs. This encourages farmers to adopt efficient and eco-friendly methods, improving crop quality and yield.

Modern agronomic practices that can be adopted in Nigeria 

1. Precision farming techniques: One modern agronomic practice that can be adopted in Nigeria is precision farming, which leverages technology to optimise field-level management of crop farming. Techniques such as soil testing and analysis can help determine the specific nutrient needs of crops, leading to more efficient fertiliser application.
2. Implementing crop rotation and intercropping: This method can enhance soil health and increase biodiversity, reducing pest and disease incidence. Integrating agroforestry practices, which involve planting trees alongside crops, can provide shade, improve soil fertility through leaf litter, and create additional income sources for farmers.
3. Using improved seed varieties: This method makes crops resistant to local pests and diseases and can significantly boost yields. Moreover, adopting irrigation and water management strategies, such as rainwater harvesting and drip irrigation, can enhance water efficiency, especially in regions susceptible to drought.
4. Adopting training programs: Farmers need to constantly update themselves by going for different training programs on sustainable practices, such as integrated pest management and conservation agriculture, which will equip farmers with the knowledge to enhance productivity while preserving the environment.
5. Using technology: Adopting mobile technology for market access and agricultural information can empower farmers to make informed decisions about their practices and sales.

The implementation of modern agronomic practices has the potential to significantly enhance Nigeria’s agricultural sector, provided that all relevant stakeholders commit to effectively carrying out their responsibilities.