Africa is a paradox when it comes to food production and consumption. Despite being richly endowed with fertile land and a youthful demographic, it remains a net food importer.
According to Daily Trust, African countries imported food worth $43 billion in 2019, and that figure is projected to rise significantly, reaching an estimated $110 billion by 2025. However, this narrative doesn’t have to be the end of the story. In fact, a new narrative is taking shape: one in which Africa transitions from dependency to dominance in global food production.
Africa holds about 60% of the world’s uncultivated arable land, which represents significant potential for agricultural development. This vast land resource and a growing young population eager to work and innovate set the stage for a potential agricultural revolution. However, several obstacles must be addressed to realise this potential fully.
Cereal yields in Africa are significantly lower than the global average, indicating a critical area for improvement in agricultural productivity. Specifically, the average fertiliser use in Africa is only 24kg per hectare compared to the global average of 120kg. In addition to challenges like poor infrastructure, insecure land tenure, limited access to finance, and the growing threat of climate change, the journey from potential to progress looks steep.
Several prominent figures advocate for Africa’s potential to enhance its agricultural output. Some posit that with advancements in seed technology, improved livestock genetics, and more efficient fertilizer application, the continent could not only achieve self-sufficiency in food production but also export surplus commodities. The Moroccan fertiliser giant OCP supports this notion, suggesting that a tenfold increase in fertiliser use could unlock Africa’s agricultural capacity.
Conversely, the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), underscores the need for transformation in Africa’s agriculture, but cautions that progress will likely be gradual.
Despite these challenges, there are promising developments in the region. For instance, Ethiopia has made significant strides in wheat production, aiming for self-sufficiency. Additionally, OCP is tailoring fertiliser blends to match specific soils types and crops needs, which has improved yield and efficiency.
For Africa to achieve food security and fulfil its potential as a global food powerhouse, several key shifts are needed:
As Africa continues to address its agricultural challenges, its ability to overcome systemic barriers through bold ideas and strategic investments will determine its potential to become a key player in global food security.
