Historically, there was a period characterised by abundant grazing land and plentiful water sources. These conditions greatly facilitated the practice of livestock farming, allowing agricultural communities reliant on animal husbandry to flourish. However, recent challenges, such as increasing feed costs, disease outbreaks, and conflicts over community resources, have led livestock farmers to explore alternative solutions for their operations. A critical question now arises for these farmers: How can cattle production remain profitable and sustainable amid these pressing challenges?
In Nigeria, livestock farming is gaining traction among farmers, attracting the attention of policymakers and experts who recognise the need to balance production with environmental stewardship. Issues such as climate change, land degradation, and resource depletion present significant concerns, prompting the development of innovative solutions to ensure the sector’s long-term sustainability.
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is becoming a focus in Nigeria’s livestock industry. Rotational grazing, greater feed efficiency, and methane control measures are all examples of CSA practices that assist in minimising livestock farming’s carbon impact. Bio-digesters, which turn animal waste into biogas and organic fertiliser, are gaining popularity in promoting circular economies on farms.
Agroforestry combines trees and shrubs with livestock husbandry and has proven successful in Nigeria. Silvopasture systems combine trees, forage crops, and animals, improve soil health, increase biodiversity, and generate additional revenue from tree products such as fruit and timber. Farmers increasingly use these approaches to reduce deforestation and soil erosion while developing a more sustainable farming habitat.
Nigerian farmers are forced to look for alternate feed sources due to rising feed prices and land-use conflicts. Livestock diets are being supplemented with locally accessible, nutrient-rich resources such as water hyacinth and larvae of black soldier flies. These substitutes lessen the environmental effect of grain-based feeds, cut production costs, and lessen reliance on traditional feed.
Because Nigeria has a major water shortage, sustained livestock raising depends on effective water utilisation. Farmers are implementing water-saving methods, including water recycling, drip irrigation for feed crops, and rainfall collection. In addition to improving livestock hydration, these tactics aid in developing fodder in arid areas.
Growing consumer awareness regarding animal welfare leads to a significant shift in the livestock production industry towards more ethical practices. Methods such as free-range systems, better living circumstances, and stress-reduction strategies are increasingly popular. Additionally, both government and private-sector are advocating for policies that promote humane treatment of animals, aligning with global best practices in the industry.
The future of livestock in Nigeria is contingent upon establishing long-term policies and investments in education, research, and development. Nigeria is on track to develop a sustainable model for livestock production in Africa, driven by collaborative efforts among stakeholders to embrace and expand innovative agricultural practices.
